Adhesives

An adhesive may be defined as material which applied to surfaces of materials can joint and resist separation. Adhesive is the general term and includes cement, glue, paste, etc. The term adhesion is used when referring to the attraction between the substances.

A Brief History of Adhesives

We can appreciate the adhesive function on nature, marine organism are attach to hard substrates due to secreted adhesive; this adhesive are able to displace water, spread and form adhesive bonds with the substrate; many insects secrete a fluid-base adhesive that allows climb and walk upside down on diverse substrates and some birds use their saliva to hold their nests together. The uses of adhesives by the human being remote to ancient times, when some natural materials were melted on a rock by the action of the sun, and this materials shown sticky properties; some of the other materials used by early human beings as adhesives are now called beeswax, rosin, rubber, shellac, sulfur, tar, and vegetable gums. The mainly use for this materials were: developed tools and as sealants for warrens. The Egyptians utilized gum Arabic from the acacia tree, egg, glue, semiliquid balsams, and resins from trees. Wooden coffins were decorated with pigments bonded with “gesso”, a mixture of chalk and glue. Glues from fish, stag horns, and cheese (Glutine casei) were known in the days of Theophilus for fixing together wooden objects. The first commercial glue plant was founded in Holland in 1690, that casein glues appear to have been manufactured in Germany and Switzerland in the early nineteenth century, and that the first U.S. patent (number 183,024) on a casein glue was issued in 1876.